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			<h1>Python  <span class="color_h1">日期和时间</span></h1>

<p>Python 程序能用很多方式处理日期和时间，转换日期格式是一个常见的功能。</p>
<p>Python 提供了一个 time 和 calendar 模块可以用于格式化日期和时间。</p>


<p>时间间隔是以秒为单位的浮点小数。</p>
<p>每个时间戳都以自从1970年1月1日午夜（历元）经过了多长时间来表示。</p>
<p>Python 的 time 模块下有很多函数可以转换常见日期格式。如函数time.time()用于获取当前时间戳, 如下实例:<p>
<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例(Python 2.0+)</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-comment"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-reserved">import</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">  </span><span class="hl-comment"># 引入time模块</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">ticks</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">当前时间戳为:</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">ticks</span></div>
</div>
</div>

<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<pre>
当前时间戳为: 1459994552.51
</pre>

<p>
时间戳单位最适于做日期运算。但是1970年之前的日期就无法以此表示了。太遥远的日期也不行，UNIX和Windows只支持到2038年。
</p>
<br><hr>
<h2>什么是时间元组？</h2>
<p>很多Python函数用一个元组装起来的9组数字处理时间:</p>
<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="width:10%">序号
</th><th style="width:40%">字段</th><th>值</th>
</tr>
<tr><td>0</td><td>4位数年</td><td>2008</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>月</td><td>1 到 12</td></tr>
<tr><td>2</td><td>日</td><td>1到31</td></tr>
<tr><td>3</td><td>小时</td><td>0到23</td></tr>
<tr><td>4</td><td>分钟</td><td>0到59</td></tr>
<tr><td>5</td><td>秒</td><td>0到61 (60或61 是闰秒)</td></tr>
<tr><td>6</td><td>一周的第几日</td><td>0到6 (0是周一)</td></tr>
<tr><td>7</td><td>一年的第几日</td><td>1到366 (儒略历)</td></tr>
<tr><td>8</td><td>夏令时</td><td>-1, 0, 1, -1是决定是否为夏令时的旗帜</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>上述也就是struct_time元组。这种结构具有如下属性：</p>
<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="width:10%">序号</th><th style="width:40%">属性</th><th>值</th>
</tr>
<tr><td>0</td><td>tm_year</td><td>2008</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>tm_mon</td><td>1 到 12</td></tr>
<tr><td>2</td><td>tm_mday</td><td>1 到 31</td></tr>
<tr><td>3</td><td>tm_hour</td><td>0 到 23</td></tr>
<tr><td>4</td><td>tm_min</td><td>0 到 59</td></tr>
<tr><td>5</td><td>tm_sec</td><td>0 到 61 (60或61 是闰秒)</td></tr>
<tr><td>6</td><td>tm_wday</td><td>0到6 (0是周一)</td></tr>
<tr><td>7</td><td>tm_yday</td><td>1 到 366(儒略历)</td></tr>
<tr><td>8</td><td>tm_isdst</td><td>-1, 0, 1, -1是决定是否为夏令时的旗帜</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br><hr>
<h2>获取当前时间</h2>
<p>从返回浮点数的时间戳方式向时间元组转换，只要将浮点数传递给如localtime之类的函数。</p>
<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例(Python 2.0+)</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-comment"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-reserved">import</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">localtime</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">localtime</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">本地时间为 :</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">localtime</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<pre>
本地时间为 : time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=7, tm_hour=10, tm_min=3, tm_sec=27, tm_wday=3, tm_yday=98, tm_isdst=0)
</pre>
<br><hr>
<h2>获取格式化的时间</h2>
<p>你可以根据需求选取各种格式，但是最简单的获取可读的时间模式的函数是asctime():</p>

<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例(Python 2.0+)</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-comment"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-reserved">import</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">localtime</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">asctime</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">localtime</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">本地时间为 :</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">localtime</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<pre>
本地时间为 : Thu Apr  7 10:05:21 2016
</pre>
<hr>
<h2>格式化日期</h2>
<p>我们可以使用 time 模块的 strftime 方法来格式化日期，：</p>
<pre>
time.strftime(format[, t])
</pre>
<p>实例演示：</p>
<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例(Python 2.0+)</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-comment"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-reserved">import</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-comment"># 格式化成2016-03-20 11:45:39形式</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">strftime</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">localtime</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> 
 
</span><span class="hl-comment"># 格式化成Sat Mar 28 22:24:24 2016形式</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">strftime</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">localtime</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code"> 
  
</span><span class="hl-comment"># 将格式字符串转换为时间戳</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">Sat Mar 28 22:24:24 2016</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">mktime</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">time</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">strptime</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-identifier">a</span><span class="hl-code">,</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<pre>
2016-04-07 10:25:09
Thu Apr 07 10:25:09 2016
1459175064.0
</pre>
<p>python中时间日期格式化符号：</p>
<ul> <li>%y 两位数的年份表示（00-99）</li> <li>%Y 四位数的年份表示（000-9999）</li> <li>%m 月份（01-12）</li> <li>%d 月内中的一天（0-31）</li> <li>%H 24小时制小时数（0-23）</li> <li>%I 12小时制小时数（01-12）</li> <li>%M 分钟数（00-59）</li> <li>%S 秒（00-59）</li> <li>%a 本地简化星期名称</li> <li>%A 本地完整星期名称</li> <li>%b 本地简化的月份名称</li> <li>%B 本地完整的月份名称</li> <li>%c 本地相应的日期表示和时间表示</li> <li>%j 年内的一天（001-366）</li> <li>%p 本地A.M.或P.M.的等价符</li> <li>%U 一年中的星期数（00-53）星期天为星期的开始</li> <li>%w 星期（0-6），星期天为星期的开始</li> <li>%W 一年中的星期数（00-53）星期一为星期的开始</li> <li>%x 本地相应的日期表示</li> <li>%X 本地相应的时间表示</li> <li>%Z 当前时区的名称</li> <li>%% %号本身</li> </ul>
<hr>
<h2>获取某月日历</h2>
<p>Calendar模块有很广泛的方法用来处理年历和月历，例如打印某月的月历：</p>
<div class="example"> 
<h2 class="example">实例(Python 2.0+)</h2> 
<div class="example_code">
<div class="hl-main"><span class="hl-comment">#!/usr/bin/python</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-comment"># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-reserved">import</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">calendar</span><span class="hl-code">
 
</span><span class="hl-identifier">cal</span><span class="hl-code"> = </span><span class="hl-identifier">calendar</span><span class="hl-code">.</span><span class="hl-identifier">month</span><span class="hl-brackets">(</span><span class="hl-number">2016</span><span class="hl-code">, </span><span class="hl-number">1</span><span class="hl-brackets">)</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-string">以下输出2016年1月份的日历:</span><span class="hl-quotes">&quot;</span><span class="hl-code">
</span><span class="hl-reserved">print</span><span class="hl-code"> </span><span class="hl-identifier">cal</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>以上实例输出结果：</p>
<pre>
以下输出2016年1月份的日历:
    January 2016
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
             1  2  3
 4  5  6  7  8  9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
</pre>
<br><hr>
<h2>Time 模块</h2>
<p>Time 模块包含了以下内置函数，既有时间处理的，也有转换时间格式的：</p>

<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="width:5%">序号</th><th style="width:95%">函数及描述</th></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td><a href="att-time-altzone.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">time.altzone</a><br>返回格林威治西部的夏令时地区的偏移秒数。如果该地区在格林威治东部会返回负值（如西欧，包括英国）。对夏令时启用地区才能使用。</td></tr>
<tr><td>2</td><td><a href="att-time-asctime.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">time.asctime([tupletime])</a><br>接受时间元组并返回一个可读的形式为"Tue Dec 11 18:07:14 2008"（2008年12月11日 周二18时07分14秒）的24个字符的字符串。</td></tr>
<tr><td>3</td><td><a href="att-time-clock.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">time.clock( )</a><br>用以浮点数计算的秒数返回当前的CPU时间。用来衡量不同程序的耗时，比time.time()更有用。</td></tr>
<tr><td>4</td><td><a href="att-time-ctime.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">time.ctime([secs])</a><br>作用相当于asctime(localtime(secs))，未给参数相当于asctime()</td></tr>
<tr><td>5</td><td><a href="att-time-gmtime.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">time.gmtime([secs])</a><br>接收时间戳（1970纪元后经过的浮点秒数）并返回格林威治天文时间下的时间元组t。注：t.tm_isdst始终为0</td></tr>
<tr><td>6</td><td><a href="att-time-localtime.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">time.localtime([secs])</a><br>接收时间戳（1970纪元后经过的浮点秒数）并返回当地时间下的时间元组t（t.tm_isdst可取0或1，取决于当地当时是不是夏令时）。</td></tr>
<tr><td>7</td><td><a href="att-time-mktime.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">time.mktime(tupletime)</a><br>接受时间元组并返回时间戳（1970纪元后经过的浮点秒数）。</td></tr>
<tr><td>8</td><td><a href="att-time-sleep.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">time.sleep(secs)</a><br>推迟调用线程的运行，secs指秒数。</td></tr>
<tr><td>9</td><td><a href="att-time-strftime.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">time.strftime(fmt[,tupletime])</a><br>接收以时间元组，并返回以可读字符串表示的当地时间，格式由fmt决定。</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td><a href="att-time-strptime.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">time.strptime(str,fmt='%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y')</a><br>根据fmt的格式把一个时间字符串解析为时间元组。</td></tr>
<tr><td>11</td><td><a href="att-time-time.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">time.time( )</a><br>返回当前时间的时间戳（1970纪元后经过的浮点秒数）。</td></tr>
<tr><td>12</td><td><a href="att-time-tzset.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">time.tzset()</a><br>根据环境变量TZ重新初始化时间相关设置。 </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>Time模块包含了以下2个非常重要的属性：</p>

<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="width:5%">序号</th><th style="width:95%">属性及描述</th></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td><b>time.timezone</b><br>属性 time.timezone 是当地时区（未启动夏令时）距离格林威治的偏移秒数（&gt;0，美洲&lt;=0大部分欧洲，亚洲，非洲）。</td></tr>
<tr><td>2</td><td><b>time.tzname</b><br>属性time.tzname包含一对根据情况的不同而不同的字符串，分别是带夏令时的本地时区名称，和不带的。</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br><hr>
<h2>日历（Calendar）模块</h2>
<p>此模块的函数都是日历相关的，例如打印某月的字符月历。</p>
<p>星期一是默认的每周第一天，星期天是默认的最后一天。更改设置需调用calendar.setfirstweekday()函数。模块包含了以下内置函数：</p>
<table class="reference">
<tbody><tr>
<th style="width:5%">序号</th><th style="width:95%">函数及描述</th></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td><b>calendar.calendar(year,w=2,l=1,c=6)</b><br>返回一个多行字符串格式的year年年历，3个月一行，间隔距离为c。 每日宽度间隔为w字符。每行长度为21* W+18+2* C。l是每星期行数。</td></tr>
<tr><td>2</td><td><b>calendar.firstweekday( )</b><br>返回当前每周起始日期的设置。默认情况下，首次载入 calendar 模块时返回 0，即星期一。</td></tr>
<tr><td>3</td><td><b>calendar.isleap(year)</b><br><p>是闰年返回 True，否则为 False。</p>

<pre>&gt;&gt;&gt; import calendar
&gt;&gt;&gt; print(calendar.isleap(2000))
True
&gt;&gt;&gt; print(calendar.isleap(1900))
False</pre></td></tr>
<tr><td>4</td><td><b>calendar.leapdays(y1,y2)</b><br>返回在Y1，Y2两年之间的闰年总数。</td></tr>
<tr><td>5</td><td><b>calendar.month(year,month,w=2,l=1)</b><br>返回一个多行字符串格式的year年month月日历，两行标题，一周一行。每日宽度间隔为w字符。每行的长度为7* w+6。l是每星期的行数。</td></tr>
<tr><td>6</td><td><b>calendar.monthcalendar(year,month)</b><br>返回一个整数的单层嵌套列表。每个子列表装载代表一个星期的整数。Year年month月外的日期都设为0;范围内的日子都由该月第几日表示，从1开始。</td></tr>
<tr><td>7</td><td><b>calendar.monthrange(year,month)</b><br>返回两个整数。第一个是该月的星期几的日期码，第二个是该月的日期码。日从0（星期一）到6（星期日）;月从1到12。</td></tr>
<tr><td>8</td><td><b>calendar.prcal(year,w=2,l=1,c=6)</b><br>相当于 <strong>print calendar.calendar(year,w=2,l=1,c=6)</strong>。</td></tr>
<tr><td>9</td><td><b>calendar.prmonth(year,month,w=2,l=1)</b><br>相当于 <strong>print calendar.month(year,month,w=2,l=1)</strong> 。</td></tr>
<tr><td>10</td><td><b>calendar.setfirstweekday(weekday)</b><br>设置每周的起始日期码。0（星期一）到6（星期日）。</td></tr>
<tr><td>11</td><td><b>calendar.timegm(tupletime)</b><br>和time.gmtime相反：接受一个时间元组形式，返回该时刻的时间戳（1970纪元后经过的浮点秒数）。</td></tr>
<tr><td>12</td><td><b>calendar.weekday(year,month,day)</b><br>返回给定日期的日期码。0（星期一）到6（星期日）。月份为 1（一月） 到 12（12月）。</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br><hr>
<h2>其他相关模块和函数</h2>
<p>在Python中，其他处理日期和时间的模块还有：</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://docs.python.org/library/datetime.html#module-datetime" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">datetime模块</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">pytz模块</a></li>
<li><a href="http://labix.org/python-dateutil" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">dateutil模块</a></li>
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		<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-13305"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;吃一个草莓</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;353***105@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.jb51.net/article/47957.htm">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-13305" data-commid = "13305" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">30</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-13305"><p>使用datetime模块来获取当前的日期和时间</p>
<pre>
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import datetime
i = datetime.datetime.now()
print ("当前的日期和时间是 %s" % i)
print ("ISO格式的日期和时间是 %s" % i.isoformat() )
print ("当前的年份是 %s" %i.year)
print ("当前的月份是 %s" %i.month)
print ("当前的日期是  %s" %i.day)
print ("dd/mm/yyyy 格式是  %s/%s/%s" % (i.day, i.month, i.year) )
print ("当前小时是 %s" %i.hour)
print ("当前分钟是 %s" %i.minute)
print ("当前秒是  %s" %i.second)</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">吃一个草莓</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;吃一个草莓</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;353***105@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.jb51.net/article/47957.htm">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div></span>6年前 (2017-06-25)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1" id="comment-35534"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;爱在旧城窄巷</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;894***679@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39457091/article/details/82907744">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-35534" data-commid = "35534" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">21</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-35534"><pre>
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import time
import calendar


"""
    时间元组（年、月、日、时、分、秒、一周的第几日、一年的第几日、夏令时）
        一周的第几日: 0-6
        一年的第几日: 1-366
        夏令时: -1, 0, 1
"""

"""
    python中时间日期格式化符号：
    ------------------------------------
    %y 两位数的年份表示（00-99）
    %Y 四位数的年份表示（000-9999）
    %m 月份（01-12）
    %d 月内中的一天（0-31）
    %H 24小时制小时数（0-23）
    %I 12小时制小时数（01-12）
    %M 分钟数（00=59）
    %S 秒（00-59）
    %a 本地简化星期名称
    %A 本地完整星期名称
    %b 本地简化的月份名称
    %B 本地完整的月份名称
    %c 本地相应的日期表示和时间表示
    %j 年内的一天（001-366）
    %p 本地A.M.或P.M.的等价符
    %U 一年中的星期数（00-53）星期天为星期的开始
    %w 星期（0-6），星期天为星期的开始
    %W 一年中的星期数（00-53）星期一为星期的开始
    %x 本地相应的日期表示
    %X 本地相应的时间表示
    %Z 当前时区的名称  # 乱码
    %% %号本身
"""


# （1）当前时间戳
# 1538271871.226226
time.time()


# （2）时间戳 &rarr; 时间元组，默认为当前时间
# time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=9, tm_mday=3, tm_hour=9, tm_min=4, tm_sec=1, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=246, tm_isdst=0)
time.localtime()
time.localtime(1538271871.226226)


# （3）时间戳 &rarr; 可视化时间
# time.ctime(时间戳)，默认为当前时间
time.ctime(1538271871.226226)


# （4）时间元组 &rarr; 时间戳
# 1538271871
time.mktime((2018, 9, 30, 9, 44, 31, 6, 273, 0))


# （5）时间元组 &rarr; 可视化时间
# time.asctime(时间元组)，默认为当前时间
time.asctime()
time.asctime((2018, 9, 30, 9, 44, 31, 6, 273, 0))
time.asctime(time.localtime(1538271871.226226))


# （6）时间元组 &rarr; 可视化时间（定制）
# time.strftime(要转换成的格式，时间元组)
time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())


# （7）可视化时间（定制） &rarr; 时间元祖
# time.strptime(时间字符串，时间格式)
print(time.strptime('2018-9-30 11:32:23', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))


# （8）浮点数秒数，用于衡量不同程序的耗时，前后两次调用的时间差
time.clock()</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">爱在旧城窄巷</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;爱在旧城窄巷</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;894***679@qq.com</p><p><i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39457091/article/details/82907744">&nbsp;&nbsp;参考地址</a></p></div></span>5年前 (2018-09-30)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
<li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="comment-44609"><span class="comt-f">#0</span><div class="comt-avatar wrapper"><i style="font-size:36px;" class="fa fa-user-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i><div class="tooltip"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;__樵夫__</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;221***0851@qq.com</p></div><div id="runoobvote-id-44609" data-commid = "44609" class="upvotejs"><a class="upvote"></a> <span class="count">44</span></div></div><div class="comt-main" id="div-comment-44609"><p>时间日期处理实例：</p>

<pre>#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

from datetime import datetime
from datetime import date
from datetime import time as time_datetime
import time
from datetime import timedelta

# ------------------1、获得当前时间-------------#

# 得到当前时间戳
print(time.time())

# 时间戳转换为时间元组
print(time.localtime(time.time()))
print(time.gmtime(time.time()))

# 将时间元组格式化输出成字符串时间
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime(time.time())))
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.gmtime(time.time())))

# 不带参数默认输出当前时间
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))

# 通过datetime模块来实现
print(datetime.fromtimestamp(time.time()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
print(datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))
print(datetime.today().strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))

# ------------------2、获取时间差，计算执行时间-------------#

# time 模块获取时间戳
start = time.time()
time.sleep(1)
print(time.time() - start)

# datetime模块
start = datetime.now()
time.sleep(1)
print((datetime.now() - start).seconds)

# 计算昨天的日期
print(datetime.now() - timedelta(days=1))

# 时间元组转化为时间戳
print(time.mktime(time.localtime()))  # localtime获取时间元组
print(time.mktime(time.gmtime()))  # gmtime获取时间元组，格林威治时间
print(time.mktime(datetime.now().timetuple()))  # datetime里获取时间元组

# 将时间字符串转换为时间元组
print(time.strptime("2019-07-14 11:23:33", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

# 表示时间的两种方式：
# 1. 时间戳(相对于1970.1.1 00:00:00以秒计算的偏移量),时间戳是惟一的
# 2. 时间元组 即(struct_time),共有九个元素，分别表示，同一个时间戳的struct_time会因为时区不同而不同

# ------------------3、time时间模块-------------#
# time.clock方法
# 这个需要注意，在不同的系统上含义不同。在UNIX系统上，它返回的是&ldquo;进程时间&rdquo;，它是用秒表示的浮点数（时间
# 戳）。而在WINDOWS中，第一次调用，返回的是进程运行的实际时间。而第二次之后的调用是自第一次调用以后到现在的运行时间。
# （实际上是以WIN32 上QueryPerformanceCounter()
# 为基础，它比毫秒表示更为精确）

start = time.clock()
time.sleep(1)
print(time.clock() - start)

# 返回本地时间元组
print(time.localtime())
print(time.localtime(time.time()))

# 从时间元组按照格式进行格式化输出字符串
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime()))

# 从时间元组转换为时间戳
print(time.mktime(time.localtime()))
print(time.mktime(time.gmtime()))
print(time.mktime(datetime.now().timetuple()))

# ------------------4、datetime时间模块-------------#
# 1.datetime.date: 是指年月日构成的日期(相当于日历)
# 2.datetime.time: 是指时分秒微秒构成的一天24小时中的具体时间(相当于手表)
# 3.datetime.datetime: 上面两个合在一起，既包含时间又包含日期
# 4.datetime.timedelta: 时间间隔对象(timedelta)。一个时间点(datetime)加上一个时间间隔(timedelta)
# 可以得到一个新的时间点(datetime)。比如今天的上午3点加上5个小时得到今天的上午8点。同理，两个时间点相减会得到一个时间间隔。
# 获取当天日期
print(date.today())

# 构造函数构造日期
print(date(2018, 1, 1))

# 格式化日期输出
print(date.today().strftime("%Y%m%d"))

# 日期转换成时间元组，其中时分秒都是0
print(date.today().timetuple())

# 按照时间戳转换为日期
print(date.fromtimestamp(time.time()))

# datetime中的time模块，构造时间
t = time_datetime(8, 11, 11)
print(t)

# 格式化时间
print(t.strftime("%H-%M-%S"))

# 新建一个datetime对象，日期为今天，既可以直接调用datetime.datetime.today()，
# 也可以直接向datetime.datetime()传值，如下：
print(datetime.today())
print(datetime.now())
print(datetime(2014, 8, 15, 8, 12, 34, 790945))

# datetime.datetime.now([tz]) 当不指定时区时，和datetime.datetime.today()是一样的结果
# 格式化时间
print(datetime.now().strftime("%H-%M-%S"))

# 返回时间元组
print(datetime.now().timetuple())
print(time.mktime(datetime.now().timetuple()))

# 数据替换
d1 = datetime(2014, 8, 15, 8, 12, 34, 790945)
print(d1.replace(year=2000))

# ------------------5、timedelta-------------#
print(datetime.today())
print(datetime.today() - timedelta(days=1))</pre><div class="comt-meta wrapper"><span class="comt-author"><a target="_blank" href="javascript:;">__樵夫__</a><div class="tooltip tooltip1"><p><i class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;__樵夫__</p><p><i class="fa fa-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;221***0851@qq.com</p></div></span>4年前 (2019-07-14)</div></div></li><!-- #comment-## -->
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